Year |
Name |
Gender |
Citizenship/2nd |
Born |
Affiliation at the time of the award |
2018 |
James P. |
Allison |
M |
United States |
1948 |
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA , Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA |
2018 |
Tasuku |
Honjo |
M |
Japan |
1942 |
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan |
2017 |
Jeffrey C. |
Hall |
M |
United States |
1945 |
University of Maine, Maine, ME, USA |
2017 |
Michael |
Rosbash |
M |
United States |
1944 |
Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
2017 |
Michael W. |
Young |
M |
United States |
1949 |
Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA |
2016 |
Yoshinori |
Ohsumi |
M |
Japan |
1945 |
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan |
2015 |
William C. |
Campbell |
M |
Ireland |
1930 |
Drew University, Madison, NJ, USA. |
2015 |
Satoshi |
Ōmura |
M |
Japan |
1935 |
Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan. |
2015 |
Youyou |
Tu |
F |
China |
1930 |
China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. |
2014 |
John |
O'Keefe |
M |
United States |
1939 |
University College, London, United Kingdom. |
2014 |
May-Britt |
Moser |
F |
Norway |
1963 |
Centre for Neural Computation, Trondheim, Norway. |
2014 |
Edvard |
Moser |
M |
Norway |
1962 |
Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Trondheim, Norway. |
2013 |
James E. |
Rothman |
M |
United States |
1950 |
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. |
2013 |
Randy W. |
Schekman |
M |
United States |
1948 |
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. |
2013 |
Thomas C. |
Südhof |
M |
Germany/United Sates |
1955 |
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. |
2012 |
Sir John B. |
Gurdon |
M |
United Kingdom |
1933 |
Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. |
2012 |
Shinya |
Yamanaka |
M |
Japan |
1962 |
University Kyoto, Japan, and Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, C, USA |
2011 |
Bruce A. |
Beutler |
M |
United States |
1957 |
The Scripps Research Institute and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas |
2011 |
Jules A. |
Hoffmann |
M |
France |
1941 |
CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) |
2011 |
Ralph M. |
Steinman |
M |
Canada |
1943 |
Rockefeller University |
2010 |
Robert G. |
Edwards |
M |
United Kingdom |
1925 |
University of Cambridge |
2009 |
Elizabeth H. |
Blackburn |
F |
Australia |
1948 |
University of California |
2009 |
Carol W. |
Greider |
F |
United States |
1961 |
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
2009 |
Jack W. |
Szostak |
M |
Canada |
1952 |
Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital |
2008 |
Françoise |
Barré-Sinoussi |
F |
France |
1947 |
Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur |
2008 |
Luc |
Montagnier |
M |
France |
1932 |
World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention |
2008 |
Harald |
zur Hausen |
M |
Germany |
1936 |
German Cancer Research Centre |
2007 |
Mario R. |
Capecchi |
M |
United States |
1937 |
University of Utah |
2007 |
Sir Martin J. |
Evans |
M |
United Kingdom |
1941 |
Cardiff University |
2007 |
Oliver |
Smithies |
M |
United States |
1925 |
University of North Carolina |
2006 |
Andrew Z. |
Fire |
M |
United States |
1959 |
Stanford University School of Medicine |
2006 |
Craig C. |
Mello |
M |
United States |
1960 |
University of Massachusetts Medical School |
2005 |
Barry J. |
Marshall |
M |
Australia |
1951 |
University of Western Australia |
2005 |
J. Robin |
Warren |
M |
Australia |
1937 |
|
2004 |
Richard |
Axel |
M |
United States |
1946 |
Columbia University |
2004 |
Linda B. |
Buck |
F |
United States |
1947 |
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center |
2003 |
Paul C. |
Lauterbur |
M |
United States |
1929 |
University of Illinois |
2003 |
Sir Peter |
Mansfield |
M |
United Kingdom |
1933 |
University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy |
2002 |
Sydney |
Brenner |
M |
United Kingdom |
1927 |
The Molecular Sciences Institute |
2002 |
H. Robert |
Horvitz |
M |
United States |
1947 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) |
2002 |
John E. |
Sulston |
M |
United Kingdom |
1942 |
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute |
2001 |
Leland H. |
Hartwell |
M |
United States |
1939 |
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center |
2001 |
Tim |
Hunt |
M |
United Kingdom |
1943 |
Imperial Cancer Research Fund |
2001 |
Sir Paul |
Nurse |
M |
United Kingdom |
1949 |
Imperial Cancer Research Fund |
2000 |
Arvid |
Carlsson |
M |
Sweden |
1923 |
Göteborg University |
2000 |
Paul |
Greengard |
M |
United States |
1925 |
Rockefeller University |
2000 |
Eric R. |
Kandel |
M |
United States |
1929 |
Columbia University |
1999 |
Günter |
Blobel |
M |
United States |
1936 |
Rockefeller University |
1998 |
Robert F. |
Furchgott |
M |
United States |
1916 |
SUNY Health Science Center |
1998 |
Louis J. |
Ignarro |
M |
United States |
1941 |
University of California School of Medicine |
1998 |
Ferid |
Murad |
M |
United States |
1936 |
University of Texas Medical School at Houston |
1997 |
Stanley B. |
Prusiner |
M |
United States |
1942 |
University of California School of Medicine |
1996 |
Peter C. |
Doherty |
M |
Australia |
1940 |
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital |
1996 |
Rolf M. |
Zinkernagel |
M |
Switzerland |
1944 |
University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology |
1995 |
Edward B. |
Lewis |
M |
United States |
1918 |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1995 |
Christiane |
Nüsslein-Volhard |
F |
Germany |
1942 |
Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie |
1995 |
Eric F. |
Wieschaus |
M |
United States |
1947 |
Princeton University |
1994 |
Alfred G. |
Gilman |
M |
United States |
1941 |
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas |
1994 |
Martin |
Rodbell |
M |
United States |
1925 |
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
1993 |
Richard J. |
Roberts |
M |
United Kingdom |
1943 |
New England Biolabs |
1993 |
Phillip A. |
Sharp |
M |
United States |
1944 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Center for Cancer Research |
1992 |
Edmond H. |
Fischer |
M |
Switzerland/United States |
1920 |
University of Washington |
1992 |
Edwin G. |
Krebs |
M |
United States |
1918 |
University of Washington |
1991 |
Erwin |
Neher |
M |
Germany |
1944 |
Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie |
1991 |
Bert |
Sakmann |
M |
Germany |
1942 |
Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung |
1990 |
Joseph E. |
Murray |
M |
United States |
1919 |
Brigham and Women's Hospital |
1990 |
E. Donnall |
Thomas |
M |
United States |
1920 |
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center |
1989 |
J. Michael |
Bishop |
M |
United States |
1936 |
University of California School of Medicine |
1989 |
Harold E. |
Varmus |
M |
United States |
1939 |
University of California School of Medicine |
1988 |
Sir James W. |
Black |
M |
United Kingdom |
1924 |
London University, King's College Hospital Medical School |
1988 |
Gertrude B. |
Elion |
F |
United States |
1918 |
Wellcome Research Laboratories |
1988 |
George H. |
Hitchings |
M |
United States |
1905 |
Wellcome Research Laboratories |
1987 |
Susumu |
Tonegawa |
M |
Japan |
1939 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) |
1986 |
Stanley |
Cohen |
M |
United States |
1922 |
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine |
1986 |
Rita |
Levi-Montalcini |
F |
Italy/United States |
1909 |
Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R |
1985 |
Michael S. |
Brown |
M |
United States |
1941 |
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas |
1985 |
Joseph L. |
Goldstein |
M |
United States |
1940 |
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas |
1984 |
Niels K. |
Jerne |
M |
Denmark |
1911 |
Basel Institute for Immunology |
1984 |
Georges J.F. |
Köhler |
M |
Germany |
1946 |
Basel Institute for Immunology |
1984 |
César |
Milstein |
M |
Argentina/United Kingdom |
1927 |
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology |
1983 |
Barbara |
McClintock |
F |
United States |
1902 |
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
1982 |
Sune K. |
Bergström |
M |
Sweden |
1916 |
Karolinska Institutet |
1982 |
Bengt I. |
Samuelsson |
M |
Sweden |
1934 |
Karolinska Institutet |
1982 |
John R. |
Vane |
M |
United Kingdom |
1927 |
The Wellcome Research Laboratories |
1981 |
David H. |
Hubel |
M |
United States |
1926 |
Harvard Medical School |
1981 |
Roger W. |
Sperry |
M |
United States |
1913 |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1981 |
Torsten N. |
Wiesel |
M |
Sweden |
1924 |
Harvard Medical School |
1980 |
Baruj |
Benacerraf |
M |
United States |
1920 |
Harvard Medical School |
1980 |
Jean |
Dausset |
M |
France |
1916 |
Université de Paris, Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie |
1980 |
George D. |
Snell |
M |
United States |
1903 |
Jackson Laboratory |
1979 |
Allan M. |
Cormack |
M |
United States |
1924 |
Tufts University |
1979 |
Godfrey N. |
Hounsfield |
M |
United Kingdom |
1919 |
Central Research Laboratories, EMI |
1978 |
Werner |
Arber |
M |
Switzerland |
1929 |
Biozentrum der Universität |
1978 |
Daniel |
Nathans |
M |
United States |
1928 |
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
1978 |
Hamilton O. |
Smith |
M |
United States |
1931 |
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
1977 |
Roger |
Guillemin |
M |
United States |
1924 |
The Salk Institute |
1977 |
Andrew V. |
Schally |
M |
United States |
1926 |
Veterans Administration Hospital |
1977 |
Rosalyn |
Yalow |
F |
United States |
1921 |
Veterans Administration Hospital |
1976 |
Baruch S. |
Blumberg |
M |
United States |
1925 |
The Institute for Cancer Research |
1976 |
D. Carleton |
Gajdusek |
M |
United States |
1923 |
National Institutes of Health |
1975 |
David |
Baltimore |
M |
United States |
1938 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) |
1975 |
Renato |
Dulbecco |
M |
United States |
1914 |
Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory |
1975 |
Howard M. |
Temin |
M |
United States |
1934 |
University of Wisconsin |
1974 |
Albert |
Claude |
M |
Belgium |
1899 |
Université Catholique de Louvain |
1974 |
Christian |
de Duve |
M |
Belgium |
1917 |
Rockefeller University |
1974 |
George E. |
Palade |
M |
United States |
1912 |
Yale University, School of Medicine |
1973 |
Konrad |
Lorenz |
M |
Austria |
1903 |
österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Institut für vergleichende Verhaltensforschung |
1973 |
Nikolaas |
Tinbergen |
M |
United Kingdom |
1907 |
University of Oxford |
1973 |
Karl |
von Frisch |
M |
Germany |
1886 |
Zoologisches Institut der Universität München |
1972 |
Gerald M. |
Edelman |
M |
United States |
1929 |
Rockefeller University |
1972 |
Rodney R. |
Porter |
M |
United Kingdom |
1917 |
University of Oxford |
1971 |
Earl W. |
Sutherland, Jr. |
M |
United States |
1915 |
Vanderbilt University |
1970 |
Julius |
Axelrod |
M |
United States |
1912 |
National Institutes of Health |
1970 |
Sir Bernard |
Katz |
M |
United Kingdom |
1911 |
University College |
1970 |
Ulf |
von Euler |
M |
Sweden |
1905 |
Karolinska Institutet |
1969 |
Max |
Delbrück |
M |
United States |
1906 |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1969 |
Alfred D. |
Hershey |
M |
United States |
1908 |
Carnegie Institution of Washington |
1969 |
Salvador E. |
Luria |
M |
United States |
1912 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) |
1968 |
Robert W. |
Holley |
M |
United States |
1922 |
Cornell University |
1968 |
H. Gobind |
Khorana |
M |
United States |
1922 |
University of Wisconsin |
1968 |
Marshall W. |
Nirenberg |
M |
United States |
1927 |
National Institutes of Health |
1967 |
Ragnar |
Granit |
M |
Sweden |
1900 |
Karolinska Institutet |
1967 |
Haldan K. |
Hartline |
M |
United States |
1903 |
Rockefeller University |
1967 |
George |
Wald |
M |
United States |
1906 |
Harvard University |
1966 |
Charles B. |
Huggins |
M |
United States |
1901 |
University of Chicago, Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research |
1966 |
Peyton |
Rous |
M |
United States |
1879 |
Rockefeller University |
1965 |
François |
Jacob |
M |
France |
1920 |
Institut Pasteur |
1965 |
André |
Lwoff |
M |
France |
1902 |
Institut Pasteur |
1965 |
Jacques |
Monod |
M |
France |
1910 |
Institut Pasteur |
1964 |
Konrad |
Bloch |
M |
United States |
1912 |
Harvard University |
1964 |
Feodor |
Lynen |
M |
Germany |
1911 |
Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie |
1963 |
Sir John |
Eccles |
M |
Australia |
1903 |
Australian National University |
1963 |
Alan L. |
Hodgkin |
M |
United Kingdom |
1914 |
University of Cambridge |
1963 |
Andrew F. |
Huxley |
M |
United Kingdom |
1917 |
London University |
1962 |
Francis |
Crick |
M |
United Kingdom |
1916 |
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology |
1962 |
James |
Watson |
M |
United States |
1928 |
Harvard University |
1962 |
Maurice |
Wilkins |
M |
United Kingdom/New Zealand |
1916 |
London University |
1961 |
Georg |
von Békésy |
M |
United States |
1899 |
Harvard University |
1960 |
Sir Frank Macfarlane |
Burnet |
M |
Australia |
1899 |
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research |
1960 |
Peter |
Medawar |
M |
United Kingdom |
1915 |
University College |
1959 |
Arthur |
Kornberg |
M |
United States |
1918 |
Stanford University |
1959 |
Severo |
Ochoa |
M |
United States |
1905 |
New York University, College of Medicine |
1958 |
George |
Beadle |
M |
United States |
1903 |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1958 |
Joshua |
Lederberg |
M |
United States |
1925 |
University of Wisconsin |
1958 |
Edward |
Tatum |
M |
United States |
1909 |
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
1957 |
Daniel |
Bovet |
M |
Italy |
1907 |
Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health) |
1956 |
André F. |
Cournand |
M |
United States |
1895 |
Columbia University Division, Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory, Bellevue Hospital |
1956 |
Werner |
Forssmann |
M |
Germany |
1904 |
Mainz University |
1956 |
Dickinson W. |
Richards |
M |
United States |
1895 |
Columbia University |
1955 |
Hugo |
Theorell |
M |
Sweden |
1903 |
Nobel Medical Institute |
1954 |
John F. |
Enders |
M |
United States |
1897 |
Harvard Medical School |
1954 |
Frederick C. |
Robbins |
M |
United States |
1916 |
Western Reserve University |
1954 |
Thomas H. |
Weller |
M |
United States |
1915 |
Research Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center |
1953 |
Hans |
Krebs |
M |
United Kingdom |
1900 |
Sheffield University |
1953 |
Fritz |
Lipmann |
M |
United States |
1899 |
Massachusetts General Hospital |
1952 |
Selman A. |
Waksman |
M |
United States |
1888 |
Rutgers University |
1951 |
Max |
Theiler |
M |
South Africa |
1899 |
Laboratories of the Division of Physiology or Medicine and Public Health, Rockefeller Foundation |
1950 |
Philip S. |
Hench |
M |
United States |
1896 |
Mayo Clinic |
1950 |
Edward C. |
Kendall |
M |
United States |
1886 |
Mayo Clinic |
1950 |
Tadeus |
Reichstein |
M |
Switzerland |
1897 |
Basel University |
1949 |
Walter |
Hess |
M |
Switzerland |
1881 |
University of Zurich |
1949 |
Egas |
Moniz |
M |
Portugal |
1874 |
University of Lisbon |
1948 |
Paul |
Müller |
M |
Switzerland |
1899 |
Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.) |
1947 |
Gerty |
Cori |
F |
United States |
1896 |
Washington University |
1947 |
Carl |
Cori |
M |
United States |
1896 |
Washington University |
1947 |
Bernardo |
Houssay |
M |
Argentina |
1887 |
Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine) |
1946 |
Hermann J. |
Muller |
M |
United States |
1890 |
Indiana University |
1945 |
Ernst B. |
Chain |
M |
United Kingdom |
1906 |
University of Oxford |
1945 |
Sir Alexander |
Fleming |
M |
United Kingdom |
1881 |
London University |
1945 |
Sir Howard |
Florey |
M |
Australia |
1898 |
University of Oxford |
1944 |
Joseph |
Erlanger |
M |
United States |
1874 |
Washington University |
1944 |
Herbert S. |
Gasser |
M |
United States |
1888 |
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
1943 |
Henrik |
Dam |
M |
Denmark |
1895 |
Polytechnic Institute |
1943 |
Edward A. |
Doisy |
M |
United States |
1893 |
Saint Louis University |
1939 |
Gerhard |
Domagk |
M |
Germany |
1895 |
Munster University |
1938 |
Corneille |
Heymans |
M |
Belgium |
1892 |
Ghent University |
1937 |
Albert |
Szent-Györgyi |
M |
Hungary |
1893 |
Szeged University |
1936 |
Sir Henry |
Dale |
M |
United Kingdom |
1875 |
National Institute for Medical Research |
1936 |
Otto |
Loewi |
M |
Austria |
1873 |
Graz University |
1935 |
Hans |
Spemann |
M |
Germany |
1869 |
University of Freiburg im Breisgau |
1934 |
George R. |
Minot |
M |
United States |
1885 |
Harvard University |
1934 |
William P. |
Murphy |
M |
United States |
1892 |
Harvard University |
1934 |
George H. |
Whipple |
M |
United States |
1878 |
Rochester University |
1933 |
Thomas H. |
Morgan |
M |
United States |
1866 |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) |
1932 |
Edgar |
Adrian |
M |
United Kingdom |
1889 |
University of Cambridge |
1932 |
Sir Charles |
Sherrington |
M |
United Kingdom |
1857 |
University of Oxford |
1931 |
Otto |
Warburg |
M |
Germany |
1883 |
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie |
1930 |
Karl |
Landsteiner |
M |
Austria |
1868 |
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
1929 |
Christiaan |
Eijkman |
M |
Netherlands |
1858 |
Utrecht University |
1929 |
Sir Frederick |
Hopkins |
M |
United Kingdom |
1861 |
University of Cambridge |
1928 |
Charles |
Nicolle |
M |
France |
1866 |
|
1927 |
Julius |
Wagner-Jauregg |
M |
Austria |
1857 |
Vienna University |
1926 |
Johannes |
Fibiger |
M |
Denmark |
1867 |
Copenhagen University |
1924 |
Willem |
Einthoven |
M |
Netherlands |
1860 |
Leiden University |
1923 |
Frederick G. |
Banting |
M |
Canada |
1891 |
University of Toronto |
1923 |
John |
Macleod |
M |
Canada |
1876 |
University of Toronto |
1922 |
Archibald V. |
Hill |
M |
United Kingdom |
1886 |
London University |
1922 |
Otto |
Meyerhof |
M |
Germany |
1884 |
Kiel University |
1920 |
August |
Krogh |
M |
Denmark |
1874 |
Copenhagen University |
1919 |
Jules |
Bordet |
M |
Belgium |
1870 |
Brussels University |
1914 |
Robert |
Bárány |
M |
Austria |
1876 |
Vienna University |
1913 |
Charles |
Richet |
M |
France |
1850 |
Sorbonne University |
1912 |
Alexis |
Carrel |
M |
France |
1873 |
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research |
1911 |
Allvar |
Gullstrand |
M |
Sweden |
1862 |
Uppsala University |
1910 |
Albrecht |
Kossel |
M |
Germany |
1853 |
University of Heidelberg |
1909 |
Theodor |
Kocher |
M |
Switzerland |
1841 |
Berne University |
1908 |
Paul |
Ehrlich |
M |
Germany |
1854 |
Königliches Institut für experimentelle Therapie |
1908 |
Ilya |
Mechnikov |
M |
Russia |
1845 |
Institut Pasteur |
1907 |
Alphonse |
Laveran |
M |
France |
1845 |
Institut Pasteur |
1906 |
Camillo |
Golgi |
M |
Italy |
1843 |
Pavia University |
1906 |
Santiago |
Ramón y Cajal |
M |
Spain |
1852 |
Madrid University |
1905 |
Robert |
Koch |
M |
Germany |
1843 |
Institute for Infectious Diseases |
1904 |
Ivan |
Pavlov |
M |
Russia |
1849 |
Military Medical Academy |
1903 |
Niels Ryberg |
Finsen |
M |
Denmark |
1860 |
Finsen Medical Light Institute |
1902 |
Ronald |
Ross |
M |
United Kingdom |
1857 |
University College |
1901 |
Emil |
von Behring |
M |
Germany |
1854 |
Marburg University |
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